Networking Models

Open Systems Interconnection Model

Understanding the seven-layer OSI model that provides a universal framework for network communication across diverse systems.

7-Layer Network Architecture

The OSI model separates network functions into distinct layers to ensure interoperability and simplify the design of network systems.

7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link 1. Physical
HTTP/HTTPS, FTP
Data formatting
Socket operations
IP routing
Ethernet frames
Physical cabling

Layer Functions Explained

Layer 7 - Application
  • • Initiates and manages communication sessions
  • • Provides interfaces for end-user applications
  • • Formats data for application use

curl https://api.hackclub.com/data

Layer 6 - Presentation
  • • Encrypts/decrypts data
  • • Translates data formats (ASCII/UTF-8)
  • • Compresses/decompresses information

openssl aes-256-cbc file.txt

Layer 5 - Session
  • • Establishes and controls sessions
  • • Maintains session checkpoints
  • • Manages data synchronization

netstat -ant

Layer 4 - Transport
  • • Ensures reliable data delivery
  • • Manages congestion control
  • • Segments and reassembles data

nmap -sT 80 target

Layer 3 - Network
  • • IP addressing and routing
  • • Path determination
  • • Packet switching

traceroute hackclub.com

Layer 2 - Data Link
  • • Physical addressing (MAC)
  • • Frame formatting
  • • Error checking

ifconfig eth0

Layer 1 - Physical
  • • Cabling and wireless mediums
  • • Electrical signal management
  • • Physical connectors

ethtool eth0

Interactive Layer Simulation

Layer Communication Demo

Click on any layer to see how data is packaged and transferred

Layer interaction diagram will appear here